Ninth Circle Records · Ensley, BirminghamSecond shift · 1993–2001
Sloth and Sin
The four members of Sloth and Sin in a brick church basement under a bare bulb: drummer with sticks, guitarist, singer with a microphone, and Mercy Halvern with her bass

Southern Doom · Ensley, Birmingham, Alabama

Sloth and Sin

Every vice becomes a system.

1993–2001 · Ninth Circle Records

Clock in

I · The Sermon

The sermon was not reaching anyone under forty. So he took it to an amp.

Boyd Halvern grew up in his father's Pentecostal church in Ensley, a neighborhood on the west side of Birmingham, Alabama. He watched Ensley decline through the 1980s — Fairfield Works cut two-thirds of its steelworkers, whole blocks emptied out, and Boyd's father's Sunday congregation aged out faster than it replaced itself. Boyd left the church at twenty-two but not the Bible. He noticed, in those years, that the vices his father preached against — the personal ones, the seven — had grown up. They had gotten organized. They were now shapes of policy, of habit, of the institutions people relied on. He said, more than once, that a vice becomes a system when enough people agree to trade the harder thing they could do for the softer thing they get. In 1993 he decided the sermon was not reaching anyone under forty, so he took it to an amp. His older sister Mercy played bass. A hand-lettered flyer nailed to the doorframe of an abandoned auto shop off Bessemer Road brought Otis Whitworth on guitar; Otis brought his neighbor Kellum Riordan on drums. They wrote seven songs, one per sin, and intended to stop. They did not. They wrote three records over eight years and stopped in the fall of 2001, saying the message did not need any more amps behind it than it had already gotten.

The back room of an abandoned auto repair shop with a small amp, a drum kit and four musicians, one of them a woman on bass

The back of the auto shop off Bessemer Road. A Wednesday, 1993. One riff. Forty minutes.

Nailed to a doorframe off Bessemer Road, 1993

Guitarist wantedfor slow band.No fast people.

Hand-lettered. One index card. One answer.

Entered into the record

A vice becomes a system when enough of us agree to trade the harder thing we could do for the softer thing we get.
— Boyd Halvern, from a 1998 interview he otherwise refused
An old punch time clock on a soot-stained brick wall inside a closed steel mill, a rack of faded time cards beside it

The clock at the mill, 1994. Still on the wall. No one punching in.

Time Card

Sloth and Sin

Dept.
Doom Metal
Class
Southern Doom · Sludge Metal · Seven-Sins Doom
Designation
Wages Doom
Employer of record
Ninth Circle Records
1993InBack of the auto shop. Four players. One riff, forty minutes. Nobody suggested changing it.
1994IThe Seven Wages · 7 songs · 44:35
1997IIThe Ninth Circle · 6 songs · 57:17
2001IIISabbath Ended · 4 songs · 27:20
Oct 13, 2001OutVFW hall, Anniston. Walked off during “Sabbath Ended.” Did not finish it.
Total time recorded2:09:12

II · The Seven

Seven vices. Seven ledgers. Each one grew up.

The notebook held seven single-word titles. The debut followed it exactly. Each sin is entered twice: once as the man carries it, once as the system that carries the man.

  1. I

    Sloth

    As carried

    The vice that dresses like rest.

    As grown

    A policy for whole neighborhoods.

    Wage 1 · 5:20✝ Words on file

  2. II

    Wrath

    As carried

    The heat a man carries home.

    As grown

    An industry.

    Wage 2 · 4:50

  3. III

    Pride

    As carried

    The name a man will not take down.

    As grown

    A city planning department.

    Wage 3 · 6:10

  4. IV

    Envy

    As carried

    The eye on the next porch.

    As grown

    A permanent political tactic.

    Wage 4 · 5:40

  5. V

    Greed

    As carried

    The hand that keeps the second plate.

    As grown

    The reason a mill closed.

    Wage 5 · 6:45

  6. VI

    Gluttony

    As carried

    The table that never clears.

    As grown

    A public budget.

    Wage 6 · 7:20

  7. VII

    Lust

    As carried

    The wanting.

    As grown

    The last vice anyone was allowed to be plainly against.

    Wage 7 · 8:30✝ Words on file

One tuning throughout. Low C-sharp. The guitarist called it the coal seam.

An open spiral notebook with seven words written in pencil, one per line

The notebook. Seven words. He still had it twenty years later.

III · Shift Roster

Four on the shift. Eight years. Nobody traded out.

The roster is listed as the band stood. A brother and a sister, a guitarist off the second shift, and the neighbor who owned the drum kit. The same four from the first riff to the last walk-off.

  1. Boyd Halvern, lead vocals

    Badge 001 · 1993–2001

    Boyd Halvern

    Lead vocals · Called “Preacher”

    Present whereabouts. Runs a small barbecue smokehouse off Highway 11 in Bessemer. Still sings — mostly at funerals and on the porch. Says the band was the sermon he couldn't stop giving.

  2. Mercy Halvern, bass

    Badge 002 · 1993–2001

    Mercy Halvern

    Bass

    Present whereabouts. Retired nurse. Raises grandchildren in Trussville. Played bass to keep her brother from taking himself too seriously, which she considers a full-time job. Says she never disagreed with a lyric.

  3. Otis Whitworth, lead guitar

    Badge 003 · 1993–2001

    Otis Whitworth

    Lead guitar

    Present whereabouts. Teaches guitar and music theory at UAB. His father worked at Fairfield Works for thirty-one years until 1988; Otis is careful not to say the mill closure is the reason he plays what he plays. It is the reason he plays what he plays.

  4. Kellum Riordan, drums

    Badge 004 · 1993–2001

    Kellum Riordan

    Drums · Called “Slag”

    Present whereabouts. Machinist. Still lives in Homewood. Has not touched a drum kit since October 2001; the kit is still in his garage. Says he does not need to play; the songs are where he left them.

The band rehearsing in a brick church basement under a bare bulb, a wooden cross and a hymn board reading 7, 6, 4 on the wall

The basement, 1996. Seven, six, four. The board was never changed.

Ninth Circle Records · Ensley, Birmingham · 1993–2001

IV · Readings

Three readings, in the order given.

Read without commentary. The congregation may be seated.

I. Ensley

Sloth and Sin began, according to Boyd Halvern, on a specific Wednesday in July 1993 in the parking lot of what used to be Fairfield Works — twenty-five acres of empty steel mill five years after the last shift. Boyd was not there for the mill; he was there because the parking lot was empty and quiet and shaded and he liked to work out songs by walking. He was thirty. He had been out of his father's church for eight years and had watched the neighborhood he grew up in — Ensley, a working-class west-Birmingham neighborhood built around the mills — hollow out one house at a time in the years since.

He had, in a notebook he still owned twenty years later, seven single-word titles. Sloth. Wrath. Pride. Envy. Greed. Gluttony. Lust. Each one, in his own idiosyncratic reading, had grown up. The personal vice his father preached against on Sundays had become — Boyd argued, when pressed — a systemic vice. A vice becomes a system when enough of us agree to trade the harder thing we could do for the softer thing we get. That was the sentence around which the band would eventually form.

His older sister Mercy — a nurse, thirty-two, mother of two, patient — agreed to play bass over a Sunday supper. Boyd tacked a hand-lettered index card to the doorframe of an abandoned Sinclair auto shop off Bessemer Road: Guitarist wanted for slow band. No fast people. Otis Whitworth read it on his way home from the second shift, called from a payphone, and brought his neighbor Kellum Riordan, who owned a drum kit and worked eight-hour days operating a metal lathe. The four of them met in the back of the auto shop on a Wednesday. They played one riff for forty minutes. Nobody suggested changing it.

Here ends the reading.

II. The Seven Wages

Their debut, The Seven Wages (1994, Ninth Circle Records), followed the notebook exactly. Seven tracks. One per sin. Long, patient, crushingly slow, all in the same tuning — a low C-sharp Otis called "the coal seam." The songs were personal on the surface — the individual weight of the vice, felt from the inside — but the middle verses opened up. Each vice, in Boyd's telling, scaled: sloth became a policy for whole neighborhoods, wrath became an industry, pride became a city planning department, envy became a permanent political tactic, greed became the reason a mill closed, gluttony became a public budget, lust became the last vice anyone was allowed to be plainly against.

The record was not reviewed in the mainstream press. Southern zines took to it — South of Mason-Dixon named it the doom record of the year — and it moved slowly and steadily on the strength of word of mouth and college radio at 2 AM. Ninth Circle Records printed two thousand copies and, over four years, sold them all.

Mercy did not, at first, agree with everything Boyd wrote. She thought "Envy" was too far. She played it anyway. She said, later, that she had been wrong about that specific song and would not name the year she came around.

Here ends the reading.

III. The Ninth Circle and the End

The second record, The Ninth Circle (1997), moved from the personal to the fully systemic. Six long tracks — some over ten minutes, one over eighteen — set in and around the closed Fairfield Works, the emptied Ensley blocks, the Birmingham city offices Boyd could see from his brother-in-law's roof. Otis wrote most of the riffs for this one; the melodies got wearier and Kellum's drumming got sparser. The record ends on "The Ninth Circle" itself — eighteen minutes and forty-two seconds of one unresolved chord and one repeated line: the last vice left in a room full of the others is what's left of us.

The band toured a rectangle bounded by Nashville, Atlanta, Jackson, and Little Rock for the next three years, with occasional trips north to Louisville and Cincinnati. They did not play in Birmingham. Boyd insisted on this and would not give a reason.

Their last release, an EP called Sabbath Ended (2001), came out three weeks before September 11. Boyd said in the studio, on the day they finished tracking, that the message had gotten as many amps behind it as it needed. Four songs — the shortest and slowest they ever recorded. The band played its final show at a VFW in Anniston, Alabama, on October 13, 2001, walked off during "Sabbath Ended" without finishing it, and did not schedule another. Kellum Riordan has not played drums since.

Here ends the reading.

A row of emptied brick storefronts in a Birmingham steel neighborhood, mill stacks in the distance
Ensley. Emptied one house at a time.

V · The Wages

Three records. Seventeen songs. Paid out slow.

Each record is a gatefold. Open one to read the tracklist, the liner notes and the words the archive holds. A cross marks a song whose words are on file.

Ninth Circle RecordsThe Seven WagesSloth and Sin · 1994

Wage I · 7 songs · 44:35

The debut. Seven single-word titles, one per deadly sin, one tuning, one intention. The band said they would stop after this record. They did not, but they never denied that they had planned to. Reviewers who counted called it "long." Reviewers who listened called it "long, and about something."

  1. 1Sloth ✝5:20
  2. 2Wrath4:50
  3. 3Pride6:10
  4. 4Envy5:40
  5. 5Greed6:45
  6. 6Gluttony7:20
  7. 7Lust ✝8:30
Open the gatefold →
Ninth Circle RecordsThe Ninth CircleSloth and Sin · 1997

Wage II · 6 songs · 57:17

The centerpiece. Six long tracks that move the seven-sins argument from the personal to the systemic. Side two is a single eighteen-and-a-half-minute suite. Otis Whitworth is credited as co-writer for the first time. Ninth Circle Records printed four thousand copies. They sold in eighteen months. Nobody claimed the extra two thousand were shocked.

  1. 1The Steel Mill Was a Chapel ✝7:30
  2. 2Ordinance6:15
  3. 3Bureau of Averages8:20
  4. 4The Managed Man ✝9:40
  5. 5Bread and Circus (Both Public)6:50
  6. 6The Ninth Circle18:42
Open the gatefold →
Ninth Circle RecordsSabbath EndedSloth and Sin · 2001

Wage III · 4 songs · 27:20

The farewell EP. Four songs; the shortest and slowest they ever recorded. Released three weeks before September 11, 2001. The band played the songs live twice and then stopped forever. Boyd said in the studio that the message had gotten as many amps behind it as it needed.

  1. 1The Congregation Left ✝5:15
  2. 2Silo6:40
  3. 3Sabbath Ended7:20
  4. 4The Wages Are Paid ✝8:05
Open the gatefold →

17 songs · Running time 2:09:12 · ✝ Words on file

The Rectangle

They toured a rectangle. Birmingham was inside it.

Nashville, Atlanta, Jackson, Little Rock. Occasional trips north to Louisville and Cincinnati. They did not play in Birmingham. Boyd insisted. He would not give a reason.

A woman bassist and a guitarist playing under a single red light on a low stage in a small Southern club

Somewhere inside the rectangle. Nobody in the room moved.

Little RockNashvilleAtlantaJacksonLouisvilleCincinnatiBirminghamNot playedAnnistonOct 13, 2001
  • Corner of the rectangle
  • Occasional trip north
  • Home. Not played.
  • Final show

VI · Testimony

Testimony, as given.

Letters and cards from listeners. Entered unedited. The band never answered them. The band was not asked to.

No. I

I worked at Fairfield Works for nineteen years. "The Steel Mill Was a Chapel" is the only song ever written that gets it right. My father worked there for thirty-one years before that. He would have hated the guitar tone and loved every word.

— Dennis M., Bessemer, ALReceived

No. II

Bought The Seven Wages at a truck stop outside Chattanooga in 1995 because the cover said "The Wages of Vice" and I was going through something. Listened to it every day driving I-59 for two years. Boyd Halvern preached to me from a cassette. I got sober in 1997.

— Ricky T., Fort Payne, ALReceived

No. III

I'm a hospice chaplain. I play "Sloth" at deathbeds when the family asks for silence. Nobody has ever asked me to turn it off.

— Rev. Louise A., Anniston, ALReceived

No. IV

Not the Sabbath. Different. Slower. More afraid. I mean that as praise.

— Jerry K., Anniston, ALReceived

No. V

Saw them at the Nick in 1996. Nobody in the audience moved for two hours. Not because they didn't want to. Because they couldn't. I checked with three friends afterward. All three said they felt the same. I'm not making this up.

— Bethany R., Birmingham, ALReceived

No. VI

My preacher told me not to play Sloth and Sin in the house. I told him the band was more Christian than most of his sermons. He now attends my Bible study.

— anonymous, Ensley, ALReceived

No. VII

Southern doom done right is Southern doom that would rather you stayed alive. Sloth and Sin makes it clear they think you deserve better than what you're doing. That is a hard thing to put on a bass amp.

— Michael B., Nashville, TNReceived